《Your brain on porn》（翻译《色瘾脑》）是由国外作家生理学家GaryWilson 在15年出版的著作。此书以纯粹的神经科学（即研究人体大脑结构与行为）来解释人体大脑对看黄的成瘾机制。此书的不以任何道德，宗教或是哲学的观点来看待色瘾，而是完全以科学的角度来辩证色瘾的危害。人类的一切行为，性格和想法都是由大脑来控制的。那么最好能解释人们对看黄sy上瘾的机制，也应该从研究大脑入手。
我将不定时更新翻译，直到将整书内容翻译完成。我会在翻译结束的部分加上个人对此的解读。由于我不是翻译专业，加上此书夹杂很多高水平的学术话题，我不能完全100%的将其准确翻译。但我英文能力还是很扎实，我能将内容的大概意思尽可能地翻译成通俗易懂的汉语。如果大家想确保翻译准确性，我将附上此书我翻译的那段原版英文内容在末尾供大家参考。
引言 （第一部分）
我认为克服自己欲望的人比征服敌人的人更为勇敢，因为最艰难的胜利是战胜自我。
——亚里士多德
你想看这本书的原因可能是你很好奇为什么这个世界上会有数以千计的色友居然想放弃看色片。但更可能的原因是，因为你正沉迷于色片而不能自拔，并且你已经感觉到了色片为你带来的危害和麻烦。或许即使你已经下定决心戒色，但你还是会忍不住花大量的时间在网上浏览了各种黄色信息。又可能是因为你无法在性爱的过程中拥有正常的高潮，或是被因无法正常勃起而折磨。也可能是，你意识到了你的色欲已经上升到了变态而不正常的程度，即使你有时觉得这种欲望很恶心，这并不是你正常的人生观。
可能在你意识到了问题的严重性之前，这花了你很久的时间你才开始真正把自身出现的生理问题与你看黄联系起来。你可能已经意识到你正在经历某种疾病和身体不适。或许你发现自己莫名其妙地产生了抑郁或是社交恐惧症，甚至是早发性痴呆。或者你觉得你自己的睾丸素（一种类固醇荷尔蒙）水平很低下，并感觉自己越来越老。甚至，你有可能已经去让一位合格的医生为你曾开药。又或许，你的医生告诉你，你不需要担忧看色片会对你带来危害。
现今社会存在着无数专家对色情的官方声明和看法，他们中的许多人都会告诉你，人们会对色情图片产生好感是完全正常的生理行为，所以网络上的色情片是无害的。首先要说的是，第一个说法是对的，人们对色情图片或是画像有好感确实是正常的生理现象。但是第二个说法，正如我们这些想戒色的人所知，这是错误的！虽然并不是所有看过色情片的人都会出现问题，但有的人会。就当今社会而言，大部分的主流文化和主流价值观通常认为色情是不会导致任何严重的生理症状。通常大部分对色情的批判都来自于宗教和社会一些保守的思想，而大部分向往思想自由的年轻一代会在没有试验的前提下对这种观点不屑一顾。
但是在过去的7年中，我关注了大量观看网络色情的用户经历。我也学习了大量科学家们对人体大脑的研究。我在这告诉大家，这本书要讲的不是一个关于自由思想和保守思想的问题。这也不是关于宗教或性自由的话题。而是关于大脑的本质和大脑是如何对剧烈变化下的信号做出生理反应的。这是关于大脑在长期和过度地对“新奇的性需求”下而导致的问题。
大概在7，8年前，我对网络色情片没有任何的看法。我认为在图画和图片里的女人完全比不上现实世界的女人。那个时候，我并不赞同这个社会需要禁止色情片。事实上，我生在一个无任何宗教文化的家庭，我的家在西雅图，这是一个思想自由和开发的城市。我的座右铭是“自己活也让别人活”。
然而，当许多人开始出现在我妻子（作者的妻子是一位心理学家）的网站论坛上宣称他们开始对色情片上瘾时，我意识到了这可能某个严重而不知名的问题正逐渐出现。作为一个资深的解剖学和生理学教师，我尤其对大脑的可塑性（即研究个人经历如何改变人体大脑结构），食欲机制和上瘾感兴趣。我无时无刻关注着这方面的研究，我对关于发现关于食欲的增强和食欲如何变得毫无规律很有兴趣。这些描述自己症状的人们大都提及到了由于自己对色情片的滥用，已经极大地改变了自己的大脑结构，从而对色情片上瘾。精神病学家NormanDoidge在他的畅销书《Brain that change itself》中解释了这个现象：
这些在电脑前观看色情片的人们…….他们已经深陷在色情片对大脑的反复训练阶段”了这种训练刚好满足了大脑的可塑性变化条件。他们大脑里的神经元在不断地传递信号并形成一个对色情片的回路。这些人在不断地接受大量的“训练”，最后将这些色情信息存储在自己大脑里的快乐中枢里…..每当他们产生性刺激和 在因sy时产生性快感时，大量多巴胺喷涌而出。这种奖赏神经递质和进一步程度加强大脑奖赏中枢和色情片的连接性，这种由奖赏中枢带来的快感不仅仅会促进人的行为也会使人们失去罪恶感。当一个人在店里买Playboy这种色情杂志时，他的大脑会不断地输出奖赏信号使大脑产生快感并不断地抑制大脑产生羞愧和罪恶的反应。当网站引入了新的主题和脚本（这里指黄网内容）时，这将在看黄者毫无意识的情况下改变他们的大脑结构，并且使他们产生兴奋的内容也发生改变。因为大脑的可塑性是非常强烈的，大脑将舍去过去能使其兴奋的内容而重新绘制成一个新的和更强烈的欲望，所以，我相信，这就是为什么那些经常看黄的人会对自己的女朋友慢慢失去“性趣”。
当一个深陷色网的色瘾患者发现自己看黄后的问题并强制戒掉时，他们最终会发现自己又会对身边的女朋友产生性好感了。
当人们在网络论坛上发现这些类似的研究和信息时。至少他们会意识到色片是如何“绑架”他们大脑里的原始欲望机制（性欲）的。我们大脑里的原始结构为了使我们生存而进化出了利于我们生存的行为，例如不停地驱使着我们去需求新的配偶来交配，从而防止我们出现无育而灭种的可能。
然而，我们的行为选择却又影响着我们大脑里的神经化学物质的平衡。当我们长期过度地做出一些行为（例如sy）时，将导致无法预料到的结果。这种行为可能使我们对自己最喜欢的诱惑物产生高度的兴奋刺激，以至于使我们的更加想追求眼前短暂的快感而不是享受能给我们带来长期的快乐。这也会恶化我们的正常享乐，以至于使我们追求更为极端的兴奋刺激。这些行为也将改变我们的心情，人生观，甚至改变我们优先考虑的事情。然而这些改变都是在我们没有意识到的情况下发生的。（未完待续）
个人解读：此书的引言部分告诉了我们，目前社会的主流思想对看黄的危害还处于一个初级阶段。由于现今社会思想潮流广受性自由的影响，使其大多数人对色片任持一种无害的态度。尤其是年轻一代的想法，由于他们反叛保守的思想，而在没有试验的情况下就误认为保守思想对黄网的批判是错误的。而一些专家也认为由于人类的好色是一种自然现象，所以就得出看黄不会出现危害的结论。然而这个结论，这就比如吃饭。人类饿了想吃东西当然是一个正常的生理现象，但如果一个人不按时间规律吃饭，不以正常的速度而狼吞虎咽地吃，和长期吃大量垃圾食品，终究会导致一个人吃饭吃出问题。这就像性行为一样，人在正常的性行为下不会发生危害，但由于不断看黄而长期过度sy就会导致问题出现。作者也表示，性自由并不是一件坏事。作者认为性是大自然的一部分，是一种正常并健康的行为，也是一种能保证物种延续生命的行为。然而黄网的出现彻底改变了人们对性的“认知”。人们开始滥用性，把性当做一种长期过度使用的享乐工具，从而使人们出现一系列的症状。
Introduction
I count him braver who overcomes his desires than him who conquers his enemies; for the hardest victory is over self. Aristotle
You might be reading this book because you're curious why hundreds of thousands of porn users around the globe are experimenting with giving it up.[2] But more likely you're reading it because you are engaging with pornographic material in a way that you find troubling. Maybe you have been spending more time online seeking out graphic material than you want to, despite a settled determination to cut back. Maybe you are finding it difficult to climax during sex, or you're plagued by unreliable erections. Maybe you're noticing that real partners just don't excite you while the online sirens beckon constantly. Maybe you've escalated to fetish material that you find disturbing or out of alignment with your values or even your sexual orientation. If you’re anything like the thousands of other people who have realised that they have a problem, it has probably taken you a while to connect your troubles with your porn use. You might have thought you were struggling with some other disorder. Perhaps thought you had developed unaccustomed depression or social anxiety or, as one man feared, premature dementia. Or maybe you believed that you had low testosterone or were simply getting older. You might even have been prescribed drugs from a well-meaning doctor. Perhaps your physician assured you that you were wrong to worry about your use of pornography. There are plenty of authoritative voices out there who will tell you that an interest in graphic imagery is perfectly normal, and that therefore internet porn is harmless. While the first claim is true, the second, as we shall see, is not. Although not all porn users develop problems, some do. At the moment, mainstream culture tends to assume that pornography use cannot cause severe symptoms. And, as high-profile criticisms of pornography often come from religious and socially conservative organizations, it's easy for liberally minded people to dismiss them without examination. But for the last seven years, I have been paying attention to what people say about their experiences with pornography. For even longer, I've been studying what scientists are learning about how our brains work. I am here to tell you that this isn’t about liberals and conservatives. It isn’t about religious shame or sexual freedom. This is about the nature of our brains and how they respond to cues from a radically changed environment. This is about the effects of chronic overconsumption of sexual novelty, delivered on demand in endless supply. Until about half a dozen years ago I had no opinion about internet porn. I thought that two-dimensional images of women were a poor substitute for actual three-dimensional women. But I've never been in favour of banning porn. I grew up in a non-religious family in Seattle, the liberal Northwest. ‘Live and let live’ was my motto. However, when men began showing up in my wife's website forum claiming to be addicted to porn it became clear that something serious was going on. A long-time anatomy and physiology teacher, I am particularly interested in neuroplasticity (how experiences alter the brain), the appetite mechanisms of the brain and, by extension, addiction. I'd been keeping up with the biological research in this area, intrigued by discoveries about the physiological underpinnings of our appetites and how they can become dysregulated.
The symptoms these men (and later women) described strongly suggested that their use of pornography had re-trained, and made significant material changes to, their brains. Psychiatrist Norman Doidge explains in his bestseller The Brain That Changes Itself:
The men at their computers looking at porn ... had been seduced into pornographic training sessions that met all the conditions required for plastic change of brain maps. Since neurons that fire together wire together, these men got massive amounts of practice wiring these images into the pleasure centres of the brain, with the rapt attention necessary for plastic change. ... Each time they felt sexual excitement and had an orgasm when they masturbated, a ‘spritz of dopamine’, the reward neurotransmitter, consolidated the connections made in the brain during the sessions. Not only did the reward facilitate the behaviour; it provoked none of the embarrassment they felt purchasing Playboy at a store. Here was a behaviour with no ‘punishment’, only reward. The content of what they found exciting changed as the Web sites introduced themes and scripts that altered their brains without their awareness. Because plasticity is competitive, the brain maps for new, exciting images increased at the expense of what had previously attracted them – the reason, I believe, they began to find their girlfriends less of a turn-on ... As for the patients who became involved in porn, most were able to go cold turkey once they understood the problem and how they were plastically reinforcing it. They found eventually that they were attracted once again to their mates.
The men on the forum found such material and the research underlying it both comforting and helpful. At last they understood how porn had hijacked the primitive appetite mechanisms of their brains. These ancient brain structures urge us toward evolutionarily beneficial behaviours including an appreciation of novel mates, helping to discourage inbreeding. However, our behavioural choices in turn affect our neurochemical balance in these same brain structures. This is how chronic overconsumption can have unexpected effects. It can make us hyper-aroused by our favourite enticements, such that immediate wants weigh heavier than they should relative to longer term desires. It can also sour our enjoyment of – and responsiveness to – everyday pleasures. It can drive us to seek more extreme stimulation. Or cause withdrawal symptoms so severe that they send even the most strong-minded of us bolting for relief. It can also alter our mood, perception and priorities – all without our conscious awareness.
Wilson, Gary. Your Brain on Porn: Internet Pornographyand the Emerging Science of Addiction . Commonwealth Publishing. KindleEdition. |
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发表于 2022-5-30 15:18:09
